Social-democratic party currently in government with a large Commons majority. Centred on public-service investment, a closer relationship with the EU short of rejoining, and incremental constitutional reform.

Historic centre-right party in opposition after the 2024 defeat. Currently balancing a free-market wing with a national-conservative wing in the wake of Reform's rise.

National-populist insurgent party, the successor of the Brexit Party, currently squeezing the Conservative vote in England and topping several headline polls.

Centrist liberal party with a southern-English suburban base. Strongly pro-European, civil-libertarian, focused on local services and constitutional reform.

Eco-socialist party with rising urban and student support. Climate action and wealth redistribution are the twin pillars of the platform.

Centre-left party advocating Scottish independence and re-entry to the EU. Dominant force in Holyrood politics for the past decade.

Welsh nationalist, centre-left party. Pro-independence for Wales, pro-EU, with a strong cultural and linguistic agenda.